Result: Construction of Temperature Climate Data Records in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Using Multiple RO Missions From September 2006 to July 2023 at NESDIS/STAR.
Further Information
We develop a new monthly zonal mean climatology (MMC) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from September 2006 to July 2023 using the dry temperature profiles from multiple global navigation satellite system (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) missions processed by the GNSS RO Science and Data Center (SDC) at the NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The multiple RO missions include Formosa Satellite Mission 3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC‐1), SPIRE, and Meteorological Operational satellite (MetOp)‐A, ‐B, ‐C. We compare collocated profiles from multiple STAR‐processed RO missions to ensure the consistency of the data used in the construction of STAR MMC. Because the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2 (COSMIC‐2) contains a noticeable temperature difference compared with other RO missions, we decided not to include it. We validate the robustness of the sampling error correction method through three reanalyses: ERA‐5, MERRA‐2, and JRA‐55. The result shows the uncertainty caused by using different reanalyses is negligible. This STAR MMC is then compared with the ROM SAF MMC and the MMC derived from these three reanalyses, exhibiting general consistency. Various climate signals, including quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), can be identified from STAR MMC. The global temperature trends from STAR MMC show a prominent warming of 0.310 ± 0.128 K/Decade in the upper troposphere and a robust cooling of −0.295 ± 0.145 K/Decade in the mid‐stratosphere. These results demonstrate that STAR MMC can capture climate signals and monitor long‐term climate change. Plain Language Summary: The detailed structure of upper‐air temperature variability is vital for a better understanding of climate change and its causes. Substantial efforts have been made to construct consistent and reliable climate data records from various observational systems and models. However, discrepancies remained in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) provides new insights into the fine temperature structure in the UTLS region with high vertical resolution, high accuracy, and long‐term stability. In this study, we develop a new monthly zonal mean climatology (MMC) in the UTLS using the temperature profiles from multiple GNSS RO missions processed by the GNSS RO Science and Data Center (SDC) at the NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). STAR MMC is generated by binning the RO profiles on 2‐dimension (2D) latitude‐height grids with a resolution of 5° in latitude by 0.2 km in height. This STAR MMC is validated by comparing it with the MMC generated by another independent center and the MMC derived from various reanalysis models. The comparison exhibits general consistency between STAR MMC and other data sets. The results demonstrate that STAR MMC can capture climate signals and monitor long‐term climate change. Key Points: A new temperature monthly mean climatology (MMC) was developed based on multiple GNSS RO missions processed by NOAA STARSampling errors in MMC were corrected, and the sampling error correction method was validated using three different reanalysis modelsThe STAR MMC exhibited general consistency with the ROM SAF MMC, and the MMC derived from ERA‐5, MERRA‐2, and JRA‐55 reanalyses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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