Treffer: The transposed-word effect does not require parallel word processing: Failure to notice transpositions with serial presentation of words.
Title:
The transposed-word effect does not require parallel word processing: Failure to notice transpositions with serial presentation of words.
Authors:
Source:
Psychonomic bulletin & review [Psychon Bull Rev] 2023 Feb; Vol. 30 (1), pp. 393-400. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 26.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Springer] Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9502924 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1531-5320 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10699384 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychon Bull Rev Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Publication: <2013-> : [New York : Springer]
Original Publication: Austin, TX : Psychonomic Society, Inc., c1994-
Original Publication: Austin, TX : Psychonomic Society, Inc., c1994-
MeSH Terms:
References:
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Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, H. J. (2013). Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. Journal of Memory and Language, 68(3), 255–278. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001)
Botvinick, M., & Bylsma, L. M. (2005). Regularization in short-term memory for serial order. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31(2), 351–358. (PMID: 15755251)
Brysbaert, M. (2019). How many words do we read per minute? A review and meta-analysis of reading rate. Journal of Memory and Language, 109, 104047. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jml.2019.104047)
Cutter, M. G., Drieghe, D., & Liversedge, S. P. (2015). How is information integrated across fixations in reading? In A. Pollatsek & R. Treisman (Eds), The Oxford handbook of reading (pp. 245-260). Oxford University Press.
Ferreira, F. (2003). The misinterpretation of noncanonical sentences. Cognitive Psychology, 47(2), 164–203. (PMID: 10.1016/S0010-0285(03)00005-712948517)
Gagl, B., Gregorova, K., Golch, J., Hawelka, S., Sassenhagen, J., Tavano, A., Poeppel, D., & Fiebach, C. J. (2022). Eye movements during text reading align with the rate of speech production. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(3), 429–442. (PMID: 10.1038/s41562-021-01215-434873275)
Gibson, E., Bergen, L., & Piantadosi, S. T. (2013). Rational integration of noisy evidence and prior semantic expectations in sentence interpretation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(20), 8051–8056. (PMID: 10.1073/pnas.1216438110)
Harris, J. A., Rich, S., & Rigby, I. (2021). Contextual constraint and lexical competition: Revisiting biased misperception during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 47(1), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000878. (PMID: 10.1037/xhp000087833090839)
Healy, A. F., & Zangara, T. K. (2017). Examining misses in reading aloud repeated words. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(3).
Huang, C., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2009). The Syntax of Chinese (Cambridge Syntax Guides). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166935.
Huang, K. J., & Staub, A. (2021a). Using eye tracking to investigate failure to notice word transpositions in reading. Cognition, 216, 104846. (PMID: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.10484634284155)
Huang, K. J., & Staub, A. (2021b). Why do readers fail to notice word transpositions, omissions, and repetitions? A review of recent evidence and theory. Lang & Ling Compass, 15(7), e12434. (PMID: 10.1111/lnc3.12434)
Huang, K. J., & Staub, A. (2022). Readers do not strongly rely on full-context information, but might utilize local word statistics, when ‘correcting’ word transposition errors in text. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
Jones, T., & Farrell, S. (2018). Does syntax bias serial order reconstruction of verbal short-term memory? Journal of Memory and Language, 100, 98–122. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jml.2018.02.001)
Liu, Z., Li, Y., Cutter, M. G., Paterson, K. B., & Wang, J. (2022). A transposed-word effect across space and time: Evidence from Chinese. Cognition, 218, 104922. (PMID: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.10492234634533)
Mirault, J., Snell, J., & Grainger, J. (2018). You that read wrong again! A transposed-word effect in grammaticality judgments. Psychological Science, 29(12), 1922–1929. (PMID: 10.1177/095679761880629630355054)
Paape, D., & Vasishth, S. (2022). Estimating the true cost of garden-pathing: A computational model of latent cognitive processes. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tru2a.
Peirce, J. W., Gray, J. R., Simpson, S., MacAskill, M. R., Höchenberger, R., Sogo, H., Kastman, E., & Lindeløv, J. (2019). PsychoPy2: experiments in behavior made easy. Behavior Research Methods, 51(1), 195–203. (PMID: 10.3758/s13428-018-01193-y307342066420413)
Reichle, E. D., Warren, T., & McConnell, K. (2009). Using EZ Reader to model the effects of higher level language processing on eye movements during reading. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(1), 1–21. (PMID: 10.3758/PBR.16.1.1)
Sanford, A. J., Leuthold, H., Bohan, J., & Sanford, A. J. (2011). Anomalies at the borderline of awareness: An ERP study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(3), 514–523. (PMID: 10.1162/jocn.2009.2137019925201)
Slattery, T. J. (2009). Word misperception, the neighbor frequency effect, and the role of sentence context: evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35(6), 1969. (PMID: 19968447)
Snell, J., & Grainger, J. (2019). Word position coding in reading is noisy. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(2), 609–615. (PMID: 10.3758/s13423-019-01574-0)
Snell, J., van Leipsig, S., Grainger, J., & Meeter, M. (2018). OB1-reader: A model of word recognition and eye movements in text reading. Psychological Review, 125(6), 969. (PMID: 10.1037/rev000011930080066)
Staub, A., Dodge, S., & Cohen, A. L. (2019). Failure to detect function word repetitions and omissions in reading: Are eye movements to blame? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(1), 340–346. (PMID: 10.3758/s13423-018-1492-z)
Vissers, C. T. W., Chwilla, D. J., & Kolk, H. H. (2007). The interplay of heuristics and parsing routines in sentence comprehension: Evidence from ERPs and reaction times. Biological Psychology, 75(1), 8–18. (PMID: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.10.00417125902)
Yan, M., Kliegl, R., Shu, H., Pan, J., & Zhou, X. (2010). Parafoveal load of word N+ 1 modulates preprocessing effectiveness of word N+ 2 in Chinese reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36(6), 1669. (PMID: 20731511)
Yang, J., Wang, S., Xu, Y., & Rayner, K. (2009). Do Chinese readers obtain preview benefit from word n+ 2? Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35(4), 1192. (PMID: 19653758)
Zhou, X., Jiang, X., Ye, Z., Zhang, Y., Lou, K., & Zhan, W. (2010). Semantic integration processes at different levels of syntactic hierarchy during sentence comprehension: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia, 48(6), 1551–1562. (PMID: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.02.00120138898)
Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, H. J. (2013). Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. Journal of Memory and Language, 68(3), 255–278. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001)
Botvinick, M., & Bylsma, L. M. (2005). Regularization in short-term memory for serial order. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31(2), 351–358. (PMID: 15755251)
Brysbaert, M. (2019). How many words do we read per minute? A review and meta-analysis of reading rate. Journal of Memory and Language, 109, 104047. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jml.2019.104047)
Cutter, M. G., Drieghe, D., & Liversedge, S. P. (2015). How is information integrated across fixations in reading? In A. Pollatsek & R. Treisman (Eds), The Oxford handbook of reading (pp. 245-260). Oxford University Press.
Ferreira, F. (2003). The misinterpretation of noncanonical sentences. Cognitive Psychology, 47(2), 164–203. (PMID: 10.1016/S0010-0285(03)00005-712948517)
Gagl, B., Gregorova, K., Golch, J., Hawelka, S., Sassenhagen, J., Tavano, A., Poeppel, D., & Fiebach, C. J. (2022). Eye movements during text reading align with the rate of speech production. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(3), 429–442. (PMID: 10.1038/s41562-021-01215-434873275)
Gibson, E., Bergen, L., & Piantadosi, S. T. (2013). Rational integration of noisy evidence and prior semantic expectations in sentence interpretation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(20), 8051–8056. (PMID: 10.1073/pnas.1216438110)
Harris, J. A., Rich, S., & Rigby, I. (2021). Contextual constraint and lexical competition: Revisiting biased misperception during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 47(1), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000878. (PMID: 10.1037/xhp000087833090839)
Healy, A. F., & Zangara, T. K. (2017). Examining misses in reading aloud repeated words. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(3).
Huang, C., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2009). The Syntax of Chinese (Cambridge Syntax Guides). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166935.
Huang, K. J., & Staub, A. (2021a). Using eye tracking to investigate failure to notice word transpositions in reading. Cognition, 216, 104846. (PMID: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.10484634284155)
Huang, K. J., & Staub, A. (2021b). Why do readers fail to notice word transpositions, omissions, and repetitions? A review of recent evidence and theory. Lang & Ling Compass, 15(7), e12434. (PMID: 10.1111/lnc3.12434)
Huang, K. J., & Staub, A. (2022). Readers do not strongly rely on full-context information, but might utilize local word statistics, when ‘correcting’ word transposition errors in text. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
Jones, T., & Farrell, S. (2018). Does syntax bias serial order reconstruction of verbal short-term memory? Journal of Memory and Language, 100, 98–122. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jml.2018.02.001)
Liu, Z., Li, Y., Cutter, M. G., Paterson, K. B., & Wang, J. (2022). A transposed-word effect across space and time: Evidence from Chinese. Cognition, 218, 104922. (PMID: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.10492234634533)
Mirault, J., Snell, J., & Grainger, J. (2018). You that read wrong again! A transposed-word effect in grammaticality judgments. Psychological Science, 29(12), 1922–1929. (PMID: 10.1177/095679761880629630355054)
Paape, D., & Vasishth, S. (2022). Estimating the true cost of garden-pathing: A computational model of latent cognitive processes. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tru2a.
Peirce, J. W., Gray, J. R., Simpson, S., MacAskill, M. R., Höchenberger, R., Sogo, H., Kastman, E., & Lindeløv, J. (2019). PsychoPy2: experiments in behavior made easy. Behavior Research Methods, 51(1), 195–203. (PMID: 10.3758/s13428-018-01193-y307342066420413)
Reichle, E. D., Warren, T., & McConnell, K. (2009). Using EZ Reader to model the effects of higher level language processing on eye movements during reading. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(1), 1–21. (PMID: 10.3758/PBR.16.1.1)
Sanford, A. J., Leuthold, H., Bohan, J., & Sanford, A. J. (2011). Anomalies at the borderline of awareness: An ERP study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(3), 514–523. (PMID: 10.1162/jocn.2009.2137019925201)
Slattery, T. J. (2009). Word misperception, the neighbor frequency effect, and the role of sentence context: evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35(6), 1969. (PMID: 19968447)
Snell, J., & Grainger, J. (2019). Word position coding in reading is noisy. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(2), 609–615. (PMID: 10.3758/s13423-019-01574-0)
Snell, J., van Leipsig, S., Grainger, J., & Meeter, M. (2018). OB1-reader: A model of word recognition and eye movements in text reading. Psychological Review, 125(6), 969. (PMID: 10.1037/rev000011930080066)
Staub, A., Dodge, S., & Cohen, A. L. (2019). Failure to detect function word repetitions and omissions in reading: Are eye movements to blame? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(1), 340–346. (PMID: 10.3758/s13423-018-1492-z)
Vissers, C. T. W., Chwilla, D. J., & Kolk, H. H. (2007). The interplay of heuristics and parsing routines in sentence comprehension: Evidence from ERPs and reaction times. Biological Psychology, 75(1), 8–18. (PMID: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.10.00417125902)
Yan, M., Kliegl, R., Shu, H., Pan, J., & Zhou, X. (2010). Parafoveal load of word N+ 1 modulates preprocessing effectiveness of word N+ 2 in Chinese reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36(6), 1669. (PMID: 20731511)
Yang, J., Wang, S., Xu, Y., & Rayner, K. (2009). Do Chinese readers obtain preview benefit from word n+ 2? Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35(4), 1192. (PMID: 19653758)
Zhou, X., Jiang, X., Ye, Z., Zhang, Y., Lou, K., & Zhan, W. (2010). Semantic integration processes at different levels of syntactic hierarchy during sentence comprehension: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia, 48(6), 1551–1562. (PMID: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.02.00120138898)
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Parallel word processing; Reading; Serial word processing; Transposed-word effect
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20220726 Date Completed: 20230301 Latest Revision: 20230301
Update Code:
20250114
DOI:
10.3758/s13423-022-02150-9
PMID:
35882721
Database:
MEDLINE
Weitere Informationen
Readers sometimes fail to notice word transposition errors, reporting a sentence with two transposed words to be grammatical (the transposed-word effect). It has been suggested that this effect implicates parallel word processing during sentence reading. The current study directly assessed the role of parallel word processing in failure to notice word transposition errors, by comparing error detection under normal sentence presentation conditions and when words are presented serially at 250 ms/word. Extending recent results obtained with serial presentation of Chinese sentences (Liu, Li, Cutter, Paterson, & Wang, Cognition 218: 104922, 2022), in Experiment 1 we found a transposed-word effect with serial presentation of English sentences. In Experiment 2, we replicated this finding with task instructions that allowed responding at any time during the presentation of the sentence; this result indicates that the transposed-word effect that appears with serial word presentation is not due to a late process of reconstruction of short-term memory. Thus, parallel word processing is not necessary for a transposed-word effect in English. Like Liu et al. (2022), we did find that the transposed-word effect was statistically larger with parallel presentation than with serial presentation; we consider several explanations as to why this is so.
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