Treffer: Groundwater quality modeling and determining critical points: a comparison of machine learning to Best-Worst Method.

Title:
Groundwater quality modeling and determining critical points: a comparison of machine learning to Best-Worst Method.
Authors:
Nasiri Khiavi A; Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran., Mostafazadeh R; Department of Natural Resources and Member of Water Managements Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. raoofmostafazadeh@uma.ac.ir., Adhami M; Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2023 Nov; Vol. 30 (54), pp. 115758-115775. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 27.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9441769 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1614-7499 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09441344 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Publication: <2013->: Berlin : Springer
Original Publication: Landsberg, Germany : Ecomed
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Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Geospatial modeling; Groundwater pollution; Groundwater resources; MCDM; Water quality
Substance Nomenclature:
0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
0 (Sulfates)
0 (Chlorides)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20231027 Date Completed: 20231129 Latest Revision: 20231205
Update Code:
20250114
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-023-30530-8
PMID:
37889408
Database:
MEDLINE

Weitere Informationen

In Iran, similar to other developing countries, groundwater quality has been seriously threatened. Therefore, this study aimed to apply Machine Learning Algorithms (MLAs) in Groundwater Quality Modeling (GQM) and determine the optimal algorithm using the Best-Worst Method (BWM) in Ardabil province, Iran. Groundwater quality parameters included calcium (Ca <sup>2+</sup> ), magnesium (Mg <sup>2+</sup> ), sodium (Na <sup>+</sup> ), potassium (K <sup>+</sup> ), chlorine (Cl <sup>-</sup> ), sulfate (SO <subscript>4</subscript><sup>-</sup> ), total dissolved solids (TDS), bicarbonate (HCO <subscript>3</subscript><sup>-</sup> ), electrical conductivity (EC), and acidity (pH). In the following, seven MLAs, including Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree Regressor (DTR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes, Simple Linear Regression (SLR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were used in the Python programming language, and groundwater quality was modeled. Finally, BWM was used to validate the results of MLAs. The results of examining the error statistics in determining the optimal algorithm in groundwater quality modeling showed that the RF algorithm with values of MAE = 0.28, MSE = 0.12, RMSE = 0.35, and AUC = 0.93 was selected as the most optimal MLA. The Schoeller diagram also showed that various ion ratios, including Na <sup>+</sup> K, Ca <sup>2+</sup> , Mg <sup>2+</sup> , Cl <sup>-</sup> , and HCO <subscript>3</subscript> +CO <subscript>3</subscript> , in most of the sampled points had upward average values. Based on the results of the BWM method, it can be concluded that a great similarity was observed between the results of the RF algorithm and the classification of the BWM method. These results showed that more than 50% of the studied area had low quality based on hydro-chemical parameters of groundwater quality. The findings of this research can assist managers and planners in developing suitable management models and implementing appropriate strategies for the optimal exploitation of groundwater resources.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)