Authors:
Becker LS; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,
Stein T; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany.,
Frisch A; Clinic for Radiology, CVK, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,
Dewald CLA; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,
Blum SFU; Institute and Polyclinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,
Wintergerst C; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany.,
Torsello G; Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany.,
Peperhove MJ; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,
Pöhler G; Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Muenster, Germany.,
Staudacher E; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,
Franke M; Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.,
Tritt S; Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, HELIOS Dr Horst Schmidt Hospitals, Wiesbaden, Germany.,
Westphalen K; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Academic hospital DRK Berlin Kopenick, Berlin, Germany.,
Bruners P; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,
Rohde S; Clinic for Radiology and Neuroradiology, Dortmund Clinic, Dortmund, Germany.,
Gebauer B; Clinic for Radiology, CVK, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,
Das M; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, HELIOS Hospital Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.,
Jungnickel K; Institute for diagnostic and interventional radiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,
Fiebich M; Inst. of Medical Physics, University of Applied Sciences Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,
Katoh M; Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany.,
Paprottka P; Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,
Uder M; Department of Radiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany.,
Wacker FK; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,
Uller W; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany.
Contributed Indexing:
Investigator: P Bruners, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.; B Gebauer, Clinic for Radiology, CVK, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; M Katoh, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany.; PM Paprottka, Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.; M Das, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, HELIOS Hospital Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.; S Rohde, Clinic for Radiology and Neuroradiology, Dortmund Clinic, Dortmund, Germany.; W Uller, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany.; FK Wacker, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.; K Westphalen, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Academic hospital DRK Berlin Kopenick, Berlin, Germany.; G Adam, Clinic and Polyclinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; G Antoch, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.; F Bamberg, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany.; J Barkhausen, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital S-H Campus Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany.; M Beer, Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; T Bley, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.; A Bücker, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Saarland University. Homburg/Saar, Germany.; J Borggrefe, Institute of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling Hospital, University Hospital Minden, Minden, Germany.; T Denecke, Clinic and Polyclinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.; M Eisenblätter, University Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital OWL - Campus Klinikum Lippe, Detmold, Germany.; M Forsting, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; B Hamm, Clinic for Radiology, CVK, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; W Heindel, Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Muenster, Germany.; RT Hoffmann, Institute and Polyclinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany.; O Jansen, Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.; HU Kauczor, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; G Krombach, Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.; TJ Kröncke, Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.; C Kuhl, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.; J Lotz, Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany.; A Mahnken, Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.; D Maintz, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Köln, Cologne, Germany.; M Makowski, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.; M Maurer, University Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.; K Nikolaou, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany.; M Pech, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.; J Ricke, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Clinic Großhadern, LMU München, Munich, Germany.; S Schönberg, Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.; A Schreyer, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical School Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany.; C Stroszczynski, Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; U Teichgräber, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.; M Uder, Department of Radiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany.; T Vogl, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Franktfurt/Main, Germany.; FK Wacker, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.; MA Weber, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kinder- und Neuroradiologie, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany.; W Wohlgemuth, Department of Radiation Medicine, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany.
Local Abstract: [Publisher, German] Der wachsende Anteil von Frauen in medizinischen Berufsfeldern, die mit ionisierender Strahlung arbeiten und gleichzeitig operativ tätig sind, birgt neue Herausforderungen in Bezug auf den Umgang mit pränataler Strahlenexposition und die Sicherheit schwangerer und stillender Mitarbeiterinnen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die biologischen Effekte locker ionisierender Strahlung innerhalb der verschiedenen Schwangerschaftsphasen bzw. der Stillzeit zu erörtern, die damit verbundenen Risiken zu bewerten sowie die Prinzipien des Strahlenschutzrechts und der Arbeitssicherheit im Kontext der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit in einem interventionellen Fach zu diskutieren.Zur Bewertung der Effekte pränataler Strahlenexposition wurden relevante Quellen, wie die Berichte der Strahlenschutzkommission, der „United Nations Scientific Commission on Effects of Atomic Radiation“ (UNSCEAR) und Publikationen der Internationalen Kommission zum Schutz vor ionisierender Strahlung (ICRP), herangezogen. Weiterhin wurde die aktuelle Gesetzgebung – im Speziellen die Strahlenschutz- und Mutterschutzgesetzgebung – im Kontext dargelegt.Bei Einhaltung der regulatorischen Dosisgrenzwerte sind die Risiken für Schwangerschaftskomplikationen, kongenitale Malformationen, Entwicklungsverzögerungen sowie mutagene und karzinogene Effekte, vernachlässigbar. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit erfordert das erste Trimester, in dem die Strahlenempfindlichkeit des Fetus am höchsten ist. Die gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland und die damit einhergehenden Schutzmaßnahmen des Strahlenschutzes und der Arbeitssicherheit ermöglichen eine sichere berufliche Tätigkeit für Schwangere und Stillende in operativen/interventionellen Fächern, mit Nutzung ionisierender Strahlung unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen.Eine sorgfältige Abwägung der Risiken und eine strikte Einhaltung der Strahlenschutzvorschriften und des Mutterschutzgesetzes ermöglichen, dass schwangere und stillende Frauen sicher in Bereichen mit ionisierender Strahlenexposition und invasiver Tätigkeit arbeiten können. Die Notwendigkeit einer kontinuierlichen Überwachung und Anpassung der Schutzmaßnahmen sowie die Bereitstellung von vertraulichen Beratungsstellen sind essenziell, um den Schutz der schwangeren und stillenden Arbeitnehmerinnen und ihrer Kinder zu gewährleisten. · Becker LS, Stein T, Frisch A et al. Occupational Prenatal Radiation Exposure and Occupational Safety: Position Paper for Pregnant and breastfeeding Personnel in Interventional Procedures with Ionizing Radiation. Rofo 2026; 198: 64–73.