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Treffer: A novel paradigm based on radar-like scanning for directional recognition in event-related potentials based brain-computer interfaces.

Title:
A novel paradigm based on radar-like scanning for directional recognition in event-related potentials based brain-computer interfaces.
Authors:
Zhao X; Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: xueqingzhao2021@163.com., Xu R; g.tec Medical Engineering GmbH, Schiedlberg, Austria. Electronic address: renxu2012@gmail.com., Zhang Y; Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: yutaov5@outlook.com., Lau AT; Shanghai Lansheng Brain Hospital Investment, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: AndrewTyLau@126.com., Xu R; Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: xrt_1016@163.com., Wang X; Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: xywang@ecust.edu.cn., Cichocki A; Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland; RIKEN Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: a.cichocki@riken.jp., Jin J; Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; School of Mathematics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: jinjingat@gmail.com.
Source:
Journal of neuroscience methods [J Neurosci Methods] 2025 Nov; Vol. 423, pp. 110546. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 05.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7905558 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-678X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01650270 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neurosci Methods Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press.
MeSH Terms:
Brain-Computer Interfaces* , Evoked Potentials*/physiology , Brain*/physiology , Radar* , Recognition, Psychology*/physiology, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Brain-computer interface (BCI); Directional recognition; Electroencephalography (EEG); Event-related potential (ERP); Radar-like scanning
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20250803 Date Completed: 20250915 Latest Revision: 20250915
Update Code:
20250916
DOI:
10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110546
PMID:
40754053
Database:
MEDLINE

Weitere Informationen

Background: Event-related potentials (ERPs) based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems have shown significant potential for directional control applications. Existing paradigms are constrained by the limited scalability of directional commands that demand interface reconfiguration for varying target numbers.
New Method: We propose a novel radar-like scanning (RS) paradigm for 32-directional recognition tasks to address these limitations. This paradigm continuously scans through directions using a sector-shaped visual stimulus, naturally evoking ERP responses without discrete directional indicators. During the online experiments, an early-stopping strategy is employed to enhance efficiency. Additionally, this study analyzes subjects' directional recognition performance using EEGNet under three sector rotation periods. Thirteen subjects participated in the experiments.
Results: The grand-averaged ERP amplitudes exhibited a stronger negative deflection in the parietal, occipital, and temporoparietal regions. The results demonstrated that, with a 2 s rotation period and early-stopping strategy, the best subject achieved an accuracy of 87.50 % with a mean absolute angle error of 1.64°. When the directional error tolerance was set to 11.25°, the subject-averaged accuracy reached 91.83 % under the same conditions. Longer rotation periods led to better subject-averaged recognition performance. When the rotation period was short (1 s), targets close to the scanning center were challenging to recognize.
Comparison With Existing Methods: Compared with others, the RS paradigm enables more fine-grained directional target recognition and is unaffected by the target numbers.
Conclusions: The proposed paradigm demonstrates significant potential for applications in ERP-BCI systems.
(Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.