Treffer: Codon Usage Evolution in Viruses: Implications for Survival and Pathogenicity.
Title:
Codon Usage Evolution in Viruses: Implications for Survival and Pathogenicity.
Authors:
Kaleem S; Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India., Dahal U; Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India. ujwalbosc@gmail.com., Devi S; Department of Forensic Science, School of Biomedical Science, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 203201, India., Kour B; Kogniverse Education, Avishkaran, NIPER, Hyderabad, 50037, India., Kour S; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Applied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
Source:
Journal of molecular evolution [J Mol Evol] 2025 Oct; Vol. 93 (5), pp. 553-580. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 04.
Publication Type:
Journal Article; Review
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0360051 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1432 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00222844 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Mol Evol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag.
MeSH Terms:
References:
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Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Codon; Evolution; Vaccine; Viral codon usage; Zoonotic spillover
Substance Nomenclature:
0 (Codon)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20250904 Date Completed: 20251101 Latest Revision: 20251101
Update Code:
20251101
DOI:
10.1007/s00239-025-10263-7
PMID:
40906273
Database:
MEDLINE
Weitere Informationen
Codon usage serves as a fundamental viral signature, influencing survival, adaptation, and pathogenicity. Viruses exhibit distinct codon usage patterns shaped by genome composition, host interactions, and evolutionary pressures. The differences between DNA and RNA viruses in codon usage reflect their replication strategies, host preferences, and genome constraints. Viral adaptation to host codon usage, genome size, and lifestyle further shapes translational efficiency and immune evasion mechanisms. Host tRNA abundance plays a crucial role in viral translation rates, while codon deoptimization is a strategy used by viruses to evade immune detection. Additionally, codon bias is linked to viral virulence, replication rates, and pathogenicity. Building on these concepts, this review synthesizes current knowledge on the interplay between virus-host translational interactions, codon bias-driven viral evolution, and their implications for pathogenesis, immune evasion, and epidemiology, while also outlining their practical applications in vaccine development, antiviral strategies, and viral diagnostics. We discuss current challenges in codon usage studies, including context-dependent variations and limited experimental validation, and propose future research directions that integrate computational and experimental approaches to deepen our understanding of viral codon bias and its role in evolution, host adaptation, and disease control.
(© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper. No financial or personal relationships with any organizations or individuals have influenced the content or conclusions of this manuscript.