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Treffer: Word difficulty determines the accuracy of regressive saccades in reading.

Title:
Word difficulty determines the accuracy of regressive saccades in reading.
Authors:
Friede A; University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany. afriede@uni-wuppertal.de., Inhoff A; Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA., Vorstius C; University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany., Radach R; University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Source:
Psychonomic bulletin & review [Psychon Bull Rev] 2026 Jan 05; Vol. 33 (1), pp. 37. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 05.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Springer] Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9502924 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1531-5320 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10699384 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychon Bull Rev Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Publication: <2013-> : [New York : Springer]
Original Publication: Austin, TX : Psychonomic Society, Inc., c1994-
MeSH Terms:
Reading* , Saccades*/physiology , Pattern Recognition, Visual*/physiology, Humans ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Psycholinguistics ; Comprehension
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Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Eye movements; Long-range regressions; Reading; Regressive saccades
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20260106 Date Completed: 20260106 Latest Revision: 20260109
Update Code:
20260109
PubMed Central ID:
PMC12769648
DOI:
10.3758/s13423-025-02798-z
PMID:
41491278
Database:
MEDLINE

Weitere Informationen

The current experiment was conducted to study effects of lexical word difficulty on the control of long-range regressive saccades. Participants read single line sentences in German for comprehension and checked for a spelling error that was inserted when the eyes had reached the end of the line. When words were more difficult in terms of orthographic irregularity and lower frequency, this dramatically increased the accuracy of regressions back to these words. If the target was missed, fewer additional saccades and less time were needed until the eyes fixated the target word. The data suggest that more effortful word processing is related to a better representation in visual-spatial memory, enabling more effective programming of regressions.
(© 2025. The Author(s).)

Declarations. Ethics approval: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Wuppertal (SK/AE 220829) and complied with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki regarding the treatment of human participants. Consent to participate/to publish: All participants provided written informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. Conflicts of interest/Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.