Treffer: Experimental teaching design of layouts to transportation system based on big data in space and time.

[Objective] Facing the problems of complex analysis models, multi-dimensional and multi-scale urban scenes in the courses of transportation geography and transportation planning, students just passively and mechanically memorize the theoretical knowledge points and cannot apply them to the logical analysis of actual transportation problems. At the same time, students do not have three-dimensional spatial thinking ability to analyse the optimal layouts of transportation system in practice. Therefore, there is an urgent need to integrate the theoretical analysis of macro and micro models of transportation geography with the practical problems of transportation planning, so that students can trace back to the connotation of the problems, and realize the improvement of the discursive ability from the figurative to the abstract and from the practice to the theory. The research to virtual simulation experimental system lacks focus to the virtual experimental system for the cultivation of cross-disciplinary talents in geography and urban planning. At the same time, there is a lack of virtual simulation experimental teaching resources that develop and design the spatial elements of transportation geography, which covers the three-dimensional knowledge structure system of "point-line-plane-environment", to develop and design the multi-dimensional spatial discursive ability of students. [Methods] Relying on ArcGIS as the integrated development tool of GIS, the experiments combine the spatial data characteristics of the transportation system layout for secondary development, and adopt Python programming language to customize the optimization analysis to layouts of the transportation system. Based on the spatial relationship of "point-line-planeenvironment" to transportation geospatial elements, we design the experiments to evaluate the service scopes to transit stops of the mountain urban bus transit system, optimize layouts to the route networks of urban bus transit system in the mountainous city, and analyse the spatial-temporal distributions to traffic states of urban road network in the mountainous city. On this basis, the experimental problems can be further expanded to inspire students to think about the frontier problems of the discipline. As a result, a more systematic spatial and temporal view of the transportation system would be gradually established to lay a solid foundation for the cultivation of multi-scale, multi-level spatial thinking ability and exploration and innovation ability of students. [Results] The results of the experiments show that students can initially establish geospatial thinkings on the basis of the models and algorithms for analysing the layouts of bus stops, the optimal layouts of bus transit routes and the spatial and temporal distributions to traffic states of urban road networks. And through the computer experiments, students construct a three-dimensional analysis of geospatial "point-line-surface-environment" thinkings. Combined with the analysis of transportation geographic elements, geospatial thinking trainings, and real-scene simulation trainings, the learning interests, learning efficiencies, abilities to apply knowledges, and average course scores of students are all improved, thus stimulating the creativity of students to actively explore the frontiers of sciences. [Conclusions] By strengthening the correlations between the three-dimensional knowledge structure system of multidimensional transportation geospatial elements and the experimental hands-on operations of transportation planning problems in practice, the spatial thinking ability and logical analysis ability of transportation geospatial elements to students is enhanced. And the innovation ability of research and exploration is also improved. Therefore, a new practical teaching mode for universities oriented to the cultivation of innovative and practical talents in the direction of urban and rural planning in geography is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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