Treffer: Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome in Alzheimer’s disease: the search for a relationship

The article addresses the problem of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from the perspective of the interaction between two important pathological processes: oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Although histopathological changes in early and senile dementia are similar, and both variants are attributed to AD, individuals with early-onset AD (EOAD) demonstrate a more aggressive course of the disease with rapid cognitive decline and fewer concomitant morphological changes. The development of late-onset AD (LOAD) depends on multiple environmental factors, lifestyle, and, among other things, the functioning of general adaptation mechanisms, including redox, immunological, and hormonal systems.The article pays special attention to the role of metabolic syndrome (MS) as an important risk factor not only for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases but also for AD. The presence of MS in individuals over 60 years of age increases the risk of developing dementia by 13% under the age of 60 and by 8% between the ages of 60 and 70. The article emphasizes the importance of oxidative stress (OS), which causes oxidation of biomolecules and tissue damage, in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and the development of MS. Possible mechanisms of the relationship between oxidative stress processes and metabolic disorders are described. Understanding the mechanisms of AD and MS development, as well as their interrelation, is key to developing effective methods for preventing and treating these diseases.