Treffer: Hessian-Aware Zeroth-Order Optimization

Zeroth-order optimization algorithms recently emerge as a popular research theme in optimization and machine learning, playing important roles in many deep-learning related tasks such as black-box adversarial attack, deep reinforcement learning, as well as hyper-parameter tuning. Mainstream zeroth-order optimization algorithms, however, concentrate on exploiting zeroth-order-estimated first-order gradient information of the objective landscape. In this paper, we propose a novel meta-algorithm called Hessian-Aware Zeroth-Order (ZOHA) optimization algorithm, which utilizes several canonical variants of zeroth-order-estimated second-order Hessian information of the objective: power-method-based, and Gaussian-smoothing-based. We conclude theoretically that ZOHA enjoys an improved convergence rate compared with existing work without incorporating in zeroth-order optimization second-order Hessian information. Empirical studies on logistic regression as well as the black-box adversarial attack are provided to validate the effectiveness and improved success rates with reduced query complexity of the zeroth-order oracle.